In the article O cenzurowaniu i poprawianiu Aleksandra Fredry w XIX wieku. Zarys prob-lematyki, a reflection was made on the numerous censorship interventions in the texts of the author of Zemsta (The Vengeance). In order for Fredro’s comedies to be played on stage and possibly later printed in Congress Poland in the nineteenth century, they had to endure and pass censorship carried out by the partitioning authorities. Often it was a multi-stage and multinational censorship, resulting not only from political but also from moral reasons. A separate phenomenon discussed in the article is self-censorship, which Fredro used, among others, in his obscene works, considering the com-ments made by family and friends.
