Classica Wratislaviensia

Marathus: żart poetycki Tibullusa

2020-02-05T21:34:26+01:00

Marathus: ein literarischer Scherz des Tibuls

In seinen das homoerotische Motiv enthaltenden Elegien des ersten Buches greift Tibull auf die Anthologia Palathina zurück. Er führt darin seine Idee an, den an die konservative Politik gewohnten Leser mit dem extravaganten Thema zum Staunen zu bringen. Er tritt darin als „Lehrer der Liebe“ und vermittelt Belehrungen, die bereits aus den griechischen Epigrammen bekannt sind. In den letzten Zeilen der Elegien tut der selbst in einen Knaben verliebte Dichter kund, sich von der unglücklichen Liebe befreit zu haben.

Ľ éclairage de la figure d'Électre par Giraudoux

2021-11-24T14:48:56+01:00

Ľ éclairage de la figure d'Électre par Giraudoux

Ptaki w komediach Tytusa Makcjusza Plauta

2020-02-05T21:34:27+01:00

Birds in Titus Macius Plautus ’ comedies

Analysing T.M. Plautus’ comedies, I managed to select these birds which appear in particular functions. Sometimes they are well known in mythology, used as gods’ attributes, e.g. an eagle was devoted to Zeus Men. 144, etc. We find fortune-telling birds, like a woodpecker, crow, raven or an owl Asin. 260, cock Asin. 624. Sometimes birds’ names are used by the comedy writer to create nicknames that show people’s negative character, e.g. a stupid person is represented by a cuckoo Persa 282. Very often diminutives appear: a little sparrow Asin. 666, Asin. 694, Cas. 139, quail and little hen Asin. 666, dove Asin. 693, Cas. 139, little duck, swallow and little jackdaw Asin. 693–694. Most of these phrases are borrowed from erotic vocabulary which can be simultaneously characteristic for colloquial language. Plautus uses birds’ names in comparisons, e.g. lovers are represented as birds Asin. 215–226, a vulture stands for a robber and a catcher of inheritance Truc. 337, wild birds appear as a symbol of a free man Capt. 116. In that way he makes an impact on spectator’s senses and imagination. Due to a specified function of birds in his comedies, we can see social relations and life of Romans in Plautus’ times, for instance, birds in the Roman cuisine, e.g. a cock. Variety of birds alcedo, accipiter, anas, aquila, columba, cornix, corvus, coturnix, cuculus, gallina, gallus, hirundo, luscinia, miluus, monerula, passer, passer marinus, parra, picus, turtur, upupa, vultur, which appear in his works, shows multiple original motives, which contributed to the attractive content of his plays. Birds’ names used by Plautus broadened a spectrum of dramatical means essential for the vis comica construction. They also contributed to a rich representation of protagonists created by the poet. Functions and symbols of birds are visible in the works of the following writers: Cicero, Horace, Seneca, Apuleius, and modern comparisons to birds often are of Plautus’ genesis.

Problemy z historią najnowszą w cesarstwie rzymskim

2020-02-05T21:34:28+01:00

The problems with contemporary history in the Roman Empire

The aim of the article is to present the stance of ancient historians of early and late empire towards their contemporary history. The author analyzed preface texts of chosen history books by Livius, Tacitus and Ammianus Marcellinus. Moreover, he discussed fragments of historiography works of G. Asinius Pollio, M. Valerius and A. Cremutius Cordus. The author stated that the issue of “contemporary history as a danger” became a regular literary topos.

Paralelna dispositio "Listu do Rzymian" Apostoła Pawła

2020-02-05T21:34:29+01:00

A parallel dispositio of the Letter to the Romans by the Apostle Paul

The author reconstructs a dispositio of the Letter to the Romans from the perspective of the rhetorical criticism of new testamental epistolography. He points at the means used by the Apostle Paul to signalize the beginning and the end of each part of the letter, which mark off its basic textual divisions, and then discusses their subject matter. It leads to the conclusion that the central part of the letter has a parallel composition.

Paradejsoj - perskie "rezerwaty" przyrody

2020-02-05T21:34:29+01:00

Paradeisoi – Persian “reserves ” of nature

The article discusses Greek literary sources which include “paradeisos” – a term of Persian origin. It used to serve as a modifier for “garden”, “park”, “arboretum”, but also for an enclosed hunting area. Therefore it could be considered as equal with the modern term of “reserve”.

Z badań nad źródłami opisów zwierząt u Solinusa

2020-02-05T21:34:30+01:00

About the research on sources of animals ’ descriptions by Solinus

The article is another voice on the issue of sources used by Gaius Iulius Solinus, the author of Collectanea rerum memorabilium. The fundamental study on Memorabilia by Theodor Mommsen 1st ed.: 1864; 2nd corrected ed.: 1894 includes a detailed set of similiar referring to a certain place in source texts of Solinus, i.e. Naturalis historia by Pliny the Elder and De chorographia by Pomponius Mela. It is worth considering that in his descriptions of fauna, Mommsen pointed out only one connection with De chorographia. The author of the article made an attempt to find other examples of Mela’s influence on zoological descriptions in Memorabilia. 3 descriptions of pegasus, lycaon and ants digging up gold were chosen and analysed. The first two animals were also described by Pliny, whereas the German author did not find any information on ants there. A detailed comparison with relevant descriptions of those animals in Chorographia allowed the author of the article to state that the work of Mela had either direct or indirect influence on the information included in descriptions of animals.

Strabon, Geografia XVII 1, 36

2020-02-05T21:34:31+01:00

Strabo, Geography XVII 1, 36

The article consists of two main parts. The first one contains the translation of 36th chapter from seventeenth book of Strabo’s Geography. The second part contains the analysis and the commentary to this chapter. The chapters, which precede as well as follow the analysed one, describe the Lake of Moeris, which seems, according to Strabo, to be similar to the sea. Strabo tries to prove this thesis and he uses the argumentation which is based on the Stoic philosophy.

Pieczyngowie na kartach "De administrando imperio" Konstantyna VII Porfirogenety

2020-02-05T21:34:31+01:00

Les Petchenègues dans De administrando Imperio, l’oeuvre de Constantin VII Porphyrogénète

L’objet du présent article est la vision des Petchenègues, un peuple nomade d’origine turque, figurant dans De administrando imperio, mémoire diplomatique attribué à l’empereur byzantin Constantin VII Porphyrogénète. Les tribus nomades qui habitaient les steppes de la Mer Noire dès la fin du IXe siècle étaient perçues par l’empereur savant comme des alliés précieux, utiles surtout dans les luttes contre les Russes, les Hongrois et les Bulgares. Constantin Porphyrogénète, en soulignant l’humeur belliqueuse extraordinaire des Petchenègues, a décrit aussi les moyens pour gagner leur confiance pour qu’ils coopèrent avec Byzance. Dans le présent article, en dépassant des réflexions purement politiques, nous nous sommes interrogés pour savoir si Constantin VII ne manifestait pas d’inclinaison à idéaliser les nomades. On peut observer de telles tendances dans la littérature antique dont la tradition était toujours vivante à Byzance. Pourtant, pour l’empereur savant, les Petchenègues, comme autant d’autres «peuples du nord», n’étaient que des barbares grossiers, éveillant un intérêt comme outil pour réaliser les intérêts politiques de Constantinople.

Ustawy okresu republikańskiego w komediach Plauta

2020-02-05T21:34:33+01:00

The laws of the time of Roman Republic in Plautus ’ comedies

The aim of the present article is to depict the laws of the time of republic that are mentioned in Plautus’ plays. The paper includes the legal acts introduced till the year of 184 BC, with the exception of the Lex duodecim tabularum due to its special character. In particular the article appeals to the following laws: leges sumptuariae lex Oppia, lex Cincia, leges fenebres lex Sempronia, lex Plaetoria, leges aleariae. This paper discusses every regulation and presents relevant passages in the plays. Furthermore it shows how the audience could indentify a concrete law and read its content on the basis of allusions hidden in Plautus’ comedies.

Biblioteka Instytutu Filologii Klasycznej i Kultury Antycznej Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego w latach 1945-2005

2020-02-05T21:34:34+01:00

Lekarze i medycyna u Strabona

2020-02-05T21:34:34+01:00

Doctors and medicine in the works of Strabo

In Politics III 6,8, 1282a, Aristotle mentioned 3 groups of specialists, who were allowed to give their opinions on medical matters. They are: δημιουργÒς, ¢ρχιτeκονικÒς and πεπαιδευμšνος. According to G.E.R. Lloyd and his Polish translator it means: “an ordinary doctor practising medicine, a master of medicine, and someone who studied medicine within the confines of his general education”. L. Piotrowicz translates it as follows: “someone who practises to a limited extent and someone who possesses the medical knowledge entirely, and also one who is only acquainted with medicine”. On the basis of this statement the researchers conclude that the doctor profession was significantly specialized, however, working as a doctor did not demand any specific studies. Probably only a period of practice under an experienced specialist’s supervision was essential. Strabo 63/64 B.C. – 23/4 AD does not belong to any doctors’ group mentioned by Aristotle. If so, what right does he have to express his opinion on medical issues? His only right to do so is the one that is possessed by an ordinary man. In defence of him, it should be stressed that his statements are usually laconic and appear quite rarely. It is certainly worth considering the information included in his work, because the history of ancient medicine has too many gaps. Therefore even the smallest source must not be passed over. The kind of information given by Strabo is strongly connected with the character of his works. His monumental Geographica includes numbered pieces of information which are not connected with medicine, e.g.: historical, those connected with art history and mythology. He also mentions outstanding inhabitants of described cities: poets, rhetors, politicians and scientists – including doctors. Strabo quotes anecdotes and proverbs. He also deals with literary and linguistic issues. In such wide and diverse material obviously some information on medicine had to appear, since this subject was as important for ancient Greeks as it is for us today. Including medical information was nothing unusual, as we find such information in Herodotus I 197; II 84; III 99 ff and Diodorus I 82. However, we have to remember that they served to embroider the work, as well as to arouse the interest of the reader. Therefore Strabo omitted those problems that would be obvious to his contemporaries, but are of the highest importance for us.

Rzymska sztuka kulinarna. Na podstawie dzieła "De compendiosa doctrina" ks . XVIII Noniusza Marcellusa

2020-02-05T21:34:36+01:00

Roman cuisine on the basis of De compendiosa doctrina bok 18 by Nonius Marcelus

The subject of the article is the book 18 of De compendiosa doctrina by Nonius Marcellus. It contains names of plants, animals and wines that acquaint us with the Roman culinary tradition. The majority of plants mentioned are herbs that served to prepare medicines and concoctions. We also find there two names of fish and a sea crustacean. Nonius mentions also a dish turunda that cannot be identified. The nouns given by the lexicon do not always correspond with the vision of a sumptuous feast. Therefore the research carried out on the book 18 of the work not only concerns culinary issues, but also is a perfect starting point for linguistic, paleobotanical and medical research.

Declamationes Seneki Retora w "Gesta Romanorum" - tekst antyczny w średniowiecznej wersji

2020-02-05T21:34:37+01:00

Declamationes by Seneca Rhetor in Gesta Romanorum. The medieval version of an ancient text

The article presents an adaptation of a dozen or so rhetorical subjects of Seneca Rhetor, that were located in L. Annaei Senecae Oratorum et rhetorum sententiae divisiones colores. Those texts are included in a collection of exemplas compiled from different sources. The exemplas are known as Gesta Romanorum. An anonymous medieval author or authors of the collection made numerous alterations of Seneca’s text. First of all, each presented event was equipped with an ending which is an important novelty towards the original. All cases are enriched with a set of information, which allowed the author to stress the exceptional character of presented events and heroes that take part in them. One can consider it as an attempt to christianize pagan Seneca. On the other hand it builds up a picture of a medieval society, shown with great reverence. When adapting ancient texts, the medieval author made no attempts to distort them, therefore Seneca’s work remained fully recognizable.

Recenzja: Arkadiusz Baron, Repertorium języka łacińskiego, Wydawnictwo Homini, Kraków 2006

2020-02-05T21:34:38+01:00

Recenzja: Krystyna Kreyser, Tabella. Łacina bez trudu, Wiedza Powszechna, Warszawa 2006

2020-02-05T21:34:38+01:00