Classica Wratislaviensia https://wuwr.pl/cwr pl-PL Sun, 09 Sep 2007 00:00:00 +0200 OJS 3.3.0.13 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Marathus: żart poetycki Tibullusa https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8606 <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Marathus: ein literarischer Scherz des Tibuls</strong><br /><br />In seinen das homoerotische Motiv enthaltenden Elegien des ersten Buches greift Tibull auf die Anthologia Palathina zur&uuml;ck. Er f&uuml;hrt darin seine Idee an, den an die konservative Politik gewohnten Leser mit dem extravaganten Thema zum Staunen zu bringen. Er tritt darin als &bdquo;Lehrer der Liebe&ldquo; und vermittelt Belehrungen, die bereits aus den griechischen Epigrammen bekannt sind. In den letzten Zeilen der Elegien tut der selbst in einen Knaben verliebte Dichter kund, sich von der ungl&uuml;cklichen Liebe befreit zu haben.</p> Aleksandra Arndt Prawa autorskie (c) https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8606 Sun, 09 Sep 2007 00:00:00 +0200 Ľ éclairage de la figure d'Électre par Giraudoux https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8607 Ľ éclairage de la figure d'Électre par Giraudoux Jacques Boulogne Prawa autorskie (c) https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8607 Sun, 09 Sep 2007 00:00:00 +0200 Ptaki w komediach Tytusa Makcjusza Plauta https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8608 <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Birds in Titus Macius Plautus &rsquo; comedies</strong><br /><br />Analysing T.M. Plautus&rsquo; comedies, I managed to select these birds which appear in particular functions. Sometimes they are well known in mythology, used as gods&rsquo; attributes, e.g. an eagle was devoted to Zeus Men. 144, etc. We find fortune-telling birds, like a woodpecker, crow, raven or an owl Asin. 260, cock Asin. 624. Sometimes birds&rsquo; names are used by the comedy writer to create nicknames that show people&rsquo;s negative character, e.g. a stupid person is represented by a cuckoo Persa 282. Very often diminutives appear: a little sparrow Asin. 666, Asin. 694, Cas. 139, quail and little hen Asin. 666, dove Asin. 693, Cas. 139, little duck, swallow and little jackdaw Asin. 693&ndash;694. Most of these phrases are borrowed from erotic vocabulary which can be simultaneously characteristic for colloquial language. Plautus uses birds&rsquo; names in comparisons, e.g. lovers are represented as birds Asin. 215&ndash;226, a vulture stands for a robber and a catcher of inheritance Truc. 337, wild birds appear as a symbol of a free man Capt. 116. In that way he makes an impact on spectator&rsquo;s senses and imagination. Due to a specified function of birds in his comedies, we can see social relations and life of Romans in Plautus&rsquo; times, for instance, birds in the Roman cuisine, e.g. a cock. Variety of birds alcedo, accipiter, anas, aquila, columba, cornix, corvus, coturnix, cuculus, gallina, gallus, hirundo, luscinia, miluus, monerula, passer, passer marinus, parra, picus, turtur, upupa, vultur, which appear in his works, shows multiple original motives, which contributed to the attractive content of his plays. Birds&rsquo; names used by Plautus broadened a spectrum of dramatical means essential for the vis comica construction. They also contributed to a rich representation of protagonists created by the poet. Functions and symbols of birds are visible in the works of the following writers: Cicero, Horace, Seneca, Apuleius, and modern comparisons to birds often are of Plautus&rsquo; genesis.</p> Anna Jurcewicz Prawa autorskie (c) https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8608 Sun, 09 Sep 2007 00:00:00 +0200 Problemy z historią najnowszą w cesarstwie rzymskim https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8609 <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>The problems with contemporary history in the Roman Empire</strong><br /><br />The aim of the article is to present the stance of ancient historians of early and late empire towards their contemporary history. The author analyzed preface texts of chosen history books by Livius, Tacitus and Ammianus Marcellinus. Moreover, he discussed fragments of historiography works of G. Asinius Pollio, M. Valerius and A. Cremutius Cordus. The author stated that the issue of &ldquo;contemporary history as a danger&rdquo; became a regular literary topos.</p> Tadeusz Kotula Prawa autorskie (c) https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8609 Sun, 09 Sep 2007 00:00:00 +0200 Paralelna dispositio "Listu do Rzymian" Apostoła Pawła https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8610 <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>A parallel dispositio of the <em>Letter to the Romans</em> by the Apostle Paul<br /></strong><br />The author reconstructs a dispositio of the<em> Letter to the Romans</em> from the perspective of the rhetorical criticism of new testamental epistolography. He points at the means used by the Apostle Paul to signalize the beginning and the end of each part of the letter, which mark off its basic textual divisions, and then discusses their subject matter. It leads to the conclusion that the central part of the letter has a parallel composition.</p> Piotr Lorek Prawa autorskie (c) https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8610 Sun, 09 Sep 2007 00:00:00 +0200 Paradejsoj - perskie "rezerwaty" przyrody https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8611 <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Paradeisoi &ndash; Persian &ldquo;reserves &rdquo; of nature</strong><br /><br />The article discusses Greek literary sources which include &ldquo;paradeisos&rdquo; &ndash; a term of Persian origin. It used to serve as a modifier for &ldquo;garden&rdquo;, &ldquo;park&rdquo;, &ldquo;arboretum&rdquo;, but also for an enclosed hunting area. Therefore it could be considered as equal with the modern term of &ldquo;reserve&rdquo;.</p> Gościwit Malinowski Prawa autorskie (c) https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8611 Sun, 09 Sep 2007 00:00:00 +0200 Z badań nad źródłami opisów zwierząt u Solinusa https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8612 <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>About the research on sources of animals &rsquo; descriptions by Solinus<br /></strong><br />The article is another voice on the issue of sources used by Gaius Iulius Solinus, the author of <em>Collectanea rerum memorabilium</em>. The fundamental study on <em>Memorabilia</em> by Theodor Mommsen 1st ed.: 1864; 2nd corrected ed.: 1894 includes a detailed set of similiar referring to a certain place in source texts of Solinus, i.e. <em>Naturalis historia</em> by Pliny the Elder and <em>De chorographia</em> by Pomponius Mela. It is worth considering that in his descriptions of fauna, Mommsen pointed out only one connection with <em>De chorographi</em>a. The author of the article made an attempt to find other examples of Mela&rsquo;s influence on zoological descriptions in <em>Memorabilia</em>. 3 descriptions of pegasus, lycaon and ants digging up gold were chosen and analysed. The first two animals were also described by Pliny, whereas the German author did not find any information on ants there. A detailed comparison with relevant descriptions of those animals in Chorographia allowed the author of the article to state that the work of Mela had either direct or indirect influence on the information included in descriptions of animals.</p> Krzysztof Morta Prawa autorskie (c) https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8612 Sun, 09 Sep 2007 00:00:00 +0200 Strabon, Geografia XVII 1, 36 https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8613 <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Strabo, <em>Geography</em> XVII 1, 36</strong><br /><br />The article consists of two main parts. The first one contains the translation of 36th chapter from seventeenth book of Strabo&rsquo;s <em>Geography</em>. The second part contains the analysis and the commentary to this chapter. The chapters, which precede as well as follow the analysed one, describe the Lake of Moeris, which seems, according to Strabo, to be similar to the sea. Strabo tries to prove this thesis and he uses the argumentation which is based on the Stoic philosophy.</p> Artur Pacewicz Prawa autorskie (c) https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8613 Sun, 09 Sep 2007 00:00:00 +0200 Pieczyngowie na kartach "De administrando imperio" Konstantyna VII Porfirogenety https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8614 <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Les Petchen&egrave;gues dans <em>De administrando Imperi</em>o, l&rsquo;oeuvre de Constantin VII Porphyrog&eacute;n&egrave;te</strong><br /><br />L&rsquo;objet du pr&eacute;sent article est la vision des Petchen&egrave;gues, un peuple nomade d&rsquo;origine turque, figurant dans <em>De administrando imperio</em>, m&eacute;moire diplomatique attribu&eacute; &agrave; l&rsquo;empereur byzantin Constantin VII Porphyrog&eacute;n&egrave;te. Les tribus nomades qui habitaient les steppes de la Mer Noire d&egrave;s la fin du IXe si&egrave;cle &eacute;taient per&ccedil;ues par l&rsquo;empereur savant comme des alli&eacute;s pr&eacute;cieux, utiles surtout dans les luttes contre les Russes, les Hongrois et les Bulgares. Constantin Porphyrog&eacute;n&egrave;te, en soulignant l&rsquo;humeur belliqueuse extraordinaire des Petchen&egrave;gues, a d&eacute;crit aussi les moyens pour gagner leur confiance pour qu&rsquo;ils coop&egrave;rent avec Byzance. Dans le pr&eacute;sent article, en d&eacute;passant des r&eacute;flexions purement politiques, nous nous sommes interrog&eacute;s pour savoir si Constantin VII ne manifestait pas d&rsquo;inclinaison &agrave; id&eacute;aliser les nomades. On peut observer de telles tendances dans la litt&eacute;rature antique dont la tradition &eacute;tait toujours vivante &agrave; Byzance. Pourtant, pour l&rsquo;empereur savant, les Petchen&egrave;gues, comme autant d&rsquo;autres &laquo;peuples du nord&raquo;, n&rsquo;&eacute;taient que des barbares grossiers, &eacute;veillant un int&eacute;r&ecirc;t comme outil pour r&eacute;aliser les int&eacute;r&ecirc;ts politiques de Constantinople.</p> Aleksander Paroń Prawa autorskie (c) https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8614 Sun, 09 Sep 2007 00:00:00 +0200 Ustawy okresu republikańskiego w komediach Plauta https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8615 <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>The laws of the time of Roman Republic in Plautus &rsquo; comedies</strong><br /><br />The aim of the present article is to depict the laws of the time of republic that are mentioned in Plautus&rsquo; plays. The paper includes the legal acts introduced till the year of 184 BC, with the exception of the <em>Lex duodecim tabularum</em> due to its special character. In particular the article appeals to the following laws: leges sumptuariae lex Oppia, lex Cincia, leges fenebres lex Sempronia, lex Plaetoria, leges aleariae. This paper discusses every regulation and presents relevant passages in the plays. Furthermore it shows how the audience could indentify a concrete law and read its content on the basis of allusions hidden in Plautus&rsquo; comedies.</p> Joanna Pieczonka Prawa autorskie (c) https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8615 Sun, 09 Sep 2007 00:00:00 +0200 Biblioteka Instytutu Filologii Klasycznej i Kultury Antycznej Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego w latach 1945-2005 https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8616 Duklana J. Piskorska Prawa autorskie (c) https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8616 Sun, 09 Sep 2007 00:00:00 +0200 Lekarze i medycyna u Strabona https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8617 <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Doctors and medicine in the works of Strabo</strong><br /><br />In <em>Politics</em> III 6,8, 1282a, Aristotle mentioned 3 groups of specialists, who were allowed to give their opinions on medical matters. They are: &delta;&eta;&mu;&iota;&omicron;&upsilon;&rho;&gamma;&Ograve;&sigmaf;, &cent;&rho;&chi;&iota;&tau;e&kappa;&omicron;&nu;&iota;&kappa;&Ograve;&sigmaf; and &pi;&epsilon;&pi;&alpha;&iota;&delta;&epsilon;&upsilon;&mu;&scaron;&nu;&omicron;&sigmaf;. According to G.E.R. Lloyd and his Polish translator it means: &ldquo;an ordinary doctor practising medicine, a master of medicine, and someone who studied medicine within the confines of his general education&rdquo;. L. Piotrowicz translates it as follows: &ldquo;someone who practises to a limited extent and someone who possesses the medical knowledge entirely, and also one who is only acquainted with medicine&rdquo;. On the basis of this statement the researchers conclude that the doctor profession was significantly specialized, however, working as a doctor did not demand any specific studies. Probably only a period of practice under an experienced specialist&rsquo;s supervision was essential. Strabo 63/64 B.C. &ndash; 23/4 AD does not belong to any doctors&rsquo; group mentioned by Aristotle. If so, what right does he have to express his opinion on medical issues? His only right to do so is the one that is possessed by an ordinary man. In defence of him, it should be stressed that his statements are usually laconic and appear quite rarely. It is certainly worth considering the information included in his work, because the history of ancient medicine has too many gaps. Therefore even the smallest source must not be passed over. The kind of information given by Strabo is strongly connected with the character of his works. His monumental <em>Geographica</em> includes numbered pieces of information which are not connected with medicine, e.g.: historical, those connected with art history and mythology. He also mentions outstanding inhabitants of described cities: poets, rhetors, politicians and scientists &ndash; including doctors. Strabo quotes anecdotes and proverbs. He also deals with literary and linguistic issues. In such wide and diverse material obviously some information on medicine had to appear, since this subject was as important for ancient Greeks as it is for us today. Including medical information was nothing unusual, as we find such information in Herodotus I 197; II 84; III 99 ff and Diodorus I 82. However, we have to remember that they served to embroider the work, as well as to arouse the interest of the reader. Therefore Strabo omitted those problems that would be obvious to his contemporaries, but are of the highest importance for us.</p> Alicja Szastyńska-Siemion, Małgorzata Wróbel Prawa autorskie (c) https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8617 Sun, 09 Sep 2007 00:00:00 +0200 Rzymska sztuka kulinarna. Na podstawie dzieła "De compendiosa doctrina" ks . XVIII Noniusza Marcellusa https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8618 <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Roman cuisine on the basis of <em>De compendiosa doctrina</em> bok 18 by Nonius Marcelus</strong><br /><br />The subject of the article is the book 18 of <em>De compendiosa doctrina</em> by Nonius Marcellus. It contains names of plants, animals and wines that acquaint us with the Roman culinary tradition. The majority of plants mentioned are herbs that served to prepare medicines and concoctions. We also find there two names of fish and a sea crustacean. Nonius mentions also a dish turunda that cannot be identified. The nouns given by the lexicon do not always correspond with the vision of a sumptuous feast. Therefore the research carried out on the book 18 of the work not only concerns culinary issues, but also is a perfect starting point for linguistic, paleobotanical and medical research.</p> Sylwia Szczygieł Prawa autorskie (c) https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8618 Sun, 09 Sep 2007 00:00:00 +0200 Declamationes Seneki Retora w "Gesta Romanorum" - tekst antyczny w średniowiecznej wersji https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8619 <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Declamationes by Seneca Rhetor in <em>Gesta Romanorum</em>. The medieval version of an ancient text</strong><br /><br />The article presents an adaptation of a dozen or so rhetorical subjects of Seneca Rhetor, that were located in L. Annaei Senecae <em>Oratorum et rhetorum sententiae divisiones colores</em>. Those texts are included in a collection of exemplas compiled from different sources. The exemplas are known as <em>Gesta Romanorum</em>. An anonymous medieval author or authors of the collection made numerous alterations of Seneca&rsquo;s text. First of all, each presented event was equipped with an ending which is an important novelty towards the original. All cases are enriched with a set of information, which allowed the author to stress the exceptional character of presented events and heroes that take part in them. One can consider it as an attempt to christianize pagan Seneca. On the other hand it builds up a picture of a medieval society, shown with great reverence. When adapting ancient texts, the medieval author made no attempts to distort them, therefore Seneca&rsquo;s work remained fully recognizable.</p> wuwr wuwr Prawa autorskie (c) https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8619 Sun, 09 Sep 2007 00:00:00 +0200 Recenzja: Arkadiusz Baron, Repertorium języka łacińskiego, Wydawnictwo Homini, Kraków 2006 https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8620 Joanna Pieczonka Prawa autorskie (c) https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8620 Sun, 09 Sep 2007 00:00:00 +0200 Recenzja: Krystyna Kreyser, Tabella. Łacina bez trudu, Wiedza Powszechna, Warszawa 2006 https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8621 Maria Małecka Prawa autorskie (c) https://wuwr.pl/cwr/article/view/8621 Sun, 09 Sep 2007 00:00:00 +0200