Wrocławskie Studia Wschodnie

Droga Herbaty. Część II

Grzegorz Dąbrowski — 2024-07-19

The aim of the article is to point out that the numerous cultural behaviours — usually those of secular nature — which in Japanese culture fall into the category of chadō (its sense seems to be best conveyed precisely by the notion of the “Way of Tea”) are largely a manifestation of putting the Buddhist philosophy into practice. In this tale of Buddhism through a symbol, that is tea, an important element is also the notion of “Zen,” which should be linked to the form of Buddhism rooted in Japan and known as Zen Buddhism. The strategy used to illustrate the problem in question is to introduce and discuss successive concepts, figures or cultural texts that are inextricably linked to Japanese tea culture and that clearly correspond to the many dimensions of Buddhist thought, which originated in India around the 6th century BC. One of the dimensions of this thought is the law of interdependent emergence, which, finding its expression in chadō, not only serves to celebrate culturally established behaviours, but sensitises those following the Way of Tea to their cognitive capacities, which — according to this law — never depend solely on the subject or the method used. The article is divided into two parts. The first contains an introduction, information about the literature and discussion of categories associated with chadō and described by means of terms like “master,” “roji,” “emptiness” and “tokonoma.” In the second part, the categories discussed are those of “host and guest,” “four noble truths” and “suchness.” The second part of the article also includes a conclusion.

W poszukiwaniu pogranicza. Nowa lokalność na przykładzie miasta Włodawy i powiatu włodawskiego

Konrad Górny — 2024-07-19

The borderland is the subject of research interests of many scientific disciplines, and the capacity of the term, while making it difficult to define, allows for a variety of approaches and reflections. In this article, I draw attention to several problems that, regardless of the existing concepts and theories of borderland (anthropological, sociological or geographical), in my opinion should be acknowledged by researchers dealing with similar issues. I am not redefining the borderland, but pointing to those elements of culture that contribute to the fact that sometimes that what we think of as the borderland is merely an artificially created area to which such as status has been ascribed, if only by arbitrary political decisions. To illustrate this, I use the analysis of the results of my own research conducted in the city of Włodawa and the Włodawa district located in the Polish-Belarusian borderland, which showed, among other things, that the basic understanding of the term borderland in the spatial-geographical sense has long been considered insufficient, and that borderlandness has acquired new characteristics, such as fluidity, mobility or variability, which are becoming culturally common features nowadays.

Wacław Sieroszewski — badacz społeczności jakuckiej

Piotr Koprowski — 2024-07-19

The research on the Yakut community, which is the subject of my article on Wacław Sieroszewski (1858–1945), is closely related to his stay — as an exile — in Siberia in the 1880s and early 1890s. Polish literature of the 19th century was dominated by the image of Siberia as a land of suffering, a place of exile for thousands of Poles. Sieroszewski wanted to show his compatriots a different, unknown face of this land, especially its eastern part — Yakutia. This prompted him to successively acquaint himself with the Yakuts as well as their geographical, natural and socio-cultural living environment. Yakutia and the Yakuts became the subject of many-sided studies of the Polish exile — scientifically reliable, extremely suggestive and artistic, and at the same time unmarred by sentimentality or pathos. They resulted in literary works, scientific articles published in Russian magazines and a comprehensive, one-of-a-kind monograph on the Yakut community. The first print of Sieroszewski’s book in 1896 was a scientific event of world importance. The great scientific value and importance of the publication was evidenced, among other things, by the fact that the author was awarded the gold medal of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society, and after some efforts he was allowed to return to his homeland.

Ormiańskość Słowackiego

Grzegorz Pełczyński — 2024-07-19

Juliusz Słowacki (1809–1849) was a great Polish poet and playwright. He lived and created in the era of Romanticism. Many researchers of his life and work claim that he had Armenian ancestors and some believe he was an Armenian. The poet never said that he was of Armenian descent. The author of the article tries to explain why this is so and what are the consequences for Polish and Armenian culture.

Polityka kościelna carycy Elżbiety Romanowej

Adam Drozdek — 2024-07-19

Elżbieta Piotrowna, osiemnastowieczna caryca, dbała o wiarę religijną swych poddanych. W swoim ustawodawstwie zawarła prawa dotyczące religijnego wychowania dzieci i przestrzegania rytuałów kościelnych przez dorosłych, co obejmowało zachowanie podczas nabożeństw i częstotliwość spowiedzi. Pod jej rządami panowała pewna tolerancja religijna, ale próby nawrócenia religijnego mogli podejmować tylko wyznawcy prawosławia. Jej własne życie było wypełnione nieustanną rozrywką, co zbiegło się z nawoływaniem jej poddanych do powściągliwości. Swe życie wypełnione przyjemnościami Elżbieta starała się zrównoważyć przesadną pobożnością, która była raczej rytualnej natury i łatwo mieszała się z rozrywką.

Doświadczenie wojny: Działalność Towarzystwa Naukowego im. Szewczenki w latach 1914–1918

Nadiya Khalak — 2024-07-19

Artykuł poświęcony jest omówieniu działalności Towarzystwa w okresie pierwszej wojny światowej. Podkreślono rolę zastępcy prezesa towarzystwa, historyka Stefana Tomaszewskiego (1875–1930), w przywróceniu pracy towarzystwa na emigracji w Wiedniu podczas rosyjskiej okupacji Galicji w latach 1914–1915 oraz w organizacji wydarzeń po powrocie do Lwowa, a także dane dotyczące strat. Artykuł koncentruje się na pracy naukowej członków towarzystwa, która była ściśle związana z ich działalnością polityczną.

Sytuacja społeczno-polityczna w Związku Sowieckim lat trzydziestych w świetle periodyku katolickiego „Dzwon Niedzielny”

Przemysław Sołga — 2024-07-19

The purpose of this article is to show the socio-political situation in the Soviet Union as it was portrayed in the Catholic periodical Sunday Bell published by the Archdiocese of Cracow in the 1930s. Aspects such as political terror, the Great Famine in Ukraine, Soviet communist agitation, the problem of anti-Semitism and social inequality in the Soviet Union are covered. The axiological context was also taken into account, including family values, the institution of marriage or population issues.

Konflikt w Górskim Karabachu — historia i polityka

Krzysztof Fedorowicz — 2024-07-19

The article presents the historical and political context of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. The author proves that the ethnic conflict between Armenians and Azerbaijanis has a decidedly negative impact on the political system of Armenia. This conflict has become the most important element of Armenian national identity and determines domestic and foreign policy. He points to examples of negative events in the recent history of Armenia caused by the conflict (forced resignation of the president, assassination attempt in the parliament). Another war in 2020 in Nagorno-Karabakh further complicated the political reality in Armenia and put the country in a very difficult internal and international situation.

Sojusz ołtarza z tronem, czyli o współpracy między władzami Federacji Rosyjskiej a Rosyjskim Kościołem Prawosławnym (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem polityki zagranicznej)

Bartłomiej Więch — 2024-07-19

The article discusses the transformation of the role of religion in Russia since the fall of the Soviet Union. During the Soviet era, religion, including the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC), was suppressed and persecuted. However, a turning point occurred during “Perestroika,” leading to increased dialogue between authorities and the ROC, continued after the fall of USSR.

Today, Orthodoxy is the dominant religion in Russia and plays a crucial role in filling the ideological void left by communism. It contributes to the restoration of Russian national and cultural identity, often with a strong anti-Western sentiment. Although many Russians identify as Orthodox, religious practice remains limited, and the influence of atheism and secularization persists. The ROC’s heritage is also used to justify autocratic rule in Russia.

The “church-state symphonia” is evident both domestically and internationally, with the Moscow Patriarchate advocating claims to former Soviet territories, supporting the concept of the “Russian world” (Russkiy mir). The Moscow Patriarchate, as part of the Kremlin’s conservative project, promotes “healthy traditional values” in ideological opposition to the West. The Russian Orthodox Church also supports Russia’s efforts to shape a multipolar world and challenge the dominance of “Pax Americana.” It is positioning itself as a mediator between East and West in the international intercultural dialogue, often cooperating effectively with the Islamic world.

Monika Agopsowicz, Kresowego Pokucia początek. Ormianie, Wydawnictwo Księgarnia Akademicka, Kraków 2022, ss. 450

Dorota Skotarczak — 2024-07-19

Ewa Kocój, Ginący świat dziedzictwa kulturowego małych wspólnot lokalnych i regionalnych w Rumunii, Księgarnia Akademicka, Kraków 2024, ss. 475, 100 zdjęć czarno-białych, 72 zdjęcia kolorowe

Eugeniusz Kłosek — 2024-07-19

Mariusz Niestrawski, III. Dywizjon Lotniczy w obronie Lwowa w sierpniu 1920 roku, Muzeum Narodowe Ziemi Przemyskiej, Przemyśl 2020, ss. 231

Jakub Pełczyński — 2024-07-19

Kazuyasu Kimura — wnuk, z którego Bronisław mógłby być naprawdę dumny

Antoni Kuczyński — 2024-07-19

Instytut Piramowicza a upamiętnienie wrocławskich Ormian

Andrzej Gliński — 2024-07-19