Modern democratic election campaigns in Slovakia have almost 20 years of tradition. The aim of the article is to familiarize the reader with brief analysis of legislative framework of all types of election campaigns (presidential elections, parliamentary elections, the European Parliament elections, self-governing region elections, municipal elections and referendum) together with structural analysis of election costs in parliamentary elections in 2006. At the same time, we evaluated the effectiveness of election costs from various points of view: costs of the election campaign for 1 obtained vote; costs of the election campaign for 1 obtained seat in the Parliament; overall income from the state budget for the political party in relation to means invested in a campaign.