Researchers of the Polish social environment claim that the development of the Polish language outside of Poland depends on such extra-linguistic factors as: 1) political status of the polonocentric community, 2) the origin of the community in relation to the processes of indigenisation and migration (emigration), 3) intentions towards the culture of the inhabited country, 4) social status and social mobility, 5) legal standards related to the communicative community, 6) the degree of community cohesion, 7) generational differences, 8) history of formation and development. Taking into consideration the above-mentioned statements, one can affirm that the Polish minority in Lithuania has autochthonic traits, and is distinguished by the degree of spatial concentration and preservation of the autonomous character of the culture. The behaviour of the identity and language are influenced by such institutions as school, church, and various socio-cultural institutions, which integrate Poles as a national minority. Among these objective factors, school is the most important institution, because it allows preserving written language. Written language is becoming a tool for cultural development and allows further preservation of multilingualism.