The publication concerns the 16b of the Fiscal Penal Code (FPC) — the institution of non-liability for punishment due to someone else’s act. It is an in-depth analysis of Art. 16b of the FPC. Dogmatic and practical issues were indicated. The study covers such issues as: ratio legis of introducing this institution; the essence, legal nature and conditions for the application of Art. 16b of the FPC. The main aim of the article was to assess the compliance of Art. 16b of the FPC with the principles of criminal liability for tax offenses and the principles of liability for tax offenses; and the compliance assessment of Art. 16b of the FPC with the essence and legal nature of the institution of failure to punish the perpetrator from Chapter 2 of the FPC. The article ends with partial comments and a final conclusion containing the de lege ferenda postulate addressed to the legislator.