Rozprawy i szkice
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0588-9526
This article analyzes the mutual interpenetrations of different types of cultural memory in literary texts, in particular landscape memory, myth memory, and memory of gender stereotypes.
Symbolic drama by Elsa Bernstein (pseudonym Ernst Rosmer, 1866–1949) Mutter Maria Totengedicht in fünf Wandlungen (1900) deals with the subject of the supplanting of old folk beliefs by the Christian religion, as well as the violent clash of the male and female worlds, symbolized here by the figures of alpine mythology as literary topoi (hunter and mountain goddess). The end of the drama—a combination of a mythical being after death with a sculpture of the Madonna carved in rock—is usually interpreted as the apotheosis of Christianity and the triumph of a new religion (and thus a new world order) over the pagan world. However, its subversive aspect should be emphasized because, in the cult of the Mother of God, one can find strong reminiscences of the cult of the Great Goddess and other ancient fertility deities. Therefore, old beliefs are not lost forever; they remain part of the cultural heritage and are waiting to be rediscovered.
An original reinterpretation of the stereotyped mountain landscape is proposed by Maria Waser (1878–1939) in her novel Die Geschichte der Anna Waser (1913). Here, the name of the mountain peak Jungfrau becomes a symbol of independence from the expectations of the environment and offers the possibility of identification. For the main character, the most important thing is the desire for self-realization as an artist (painter), which often encounters the reluctance of the environment, especially men jealous of her talent. This rather unusual way of perceiving Jungfrau in the context of building identity is intimate and personal, and at the same time explicitly feminine.
Bernstein, Elsa (1900): Mutter Maria, https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/sophiedrama/169.
Waser, Maria (1913): Die Geschichte der Anna Waser. Ein Roman aus der Wende des 17. Jahrhunderts, Stuttgart-Zürich: Europäischer Buchklub.
Anker, Daniel (Hrsg.) (1996): Jungfrau. Zauberberg der Männer, Zürich: AS Verlag & Buchkonzept AG.
Borck, Sigrid (2008): Weibliche Hauptfiguren in Elsa Bernsteins Dramen. Frauenschicksale um die Jahrhundertwende, Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag.
Derungs, Kurt (Homepage): Landschaftsmythologie – das kulturelle Gedächtnis der Landschaft, http://www.derungs.org/landschaftsmythologie.htm.
Derungs, Kurt (2015): Die Seele der Alpen. Magische Rituale mit der Kraft von Sonne, Stein und Wasser, Kailash: Random House.
Göttner-Abendroth, Heide (2016): Berggöttinnen der Alpen. Matriarchale Landschaftsmythologie in vier Alpenländern, Bozen: Edition Raetia.
Haid, Hans (2006): Mythen der Alpen. Von Saligen, Weißen Frauen und Heiligen Bergen, Wien/Köln/Weimar: Böhlau.
Kohli, Anna (2007): Trzy kolory bogini, Kraków: efka.
Mańczyk-Krygiel, Monika (2018): Zwischen den Welten. Zur Präsenz des alpinen Mythos von den Saligen bei Paula Grogger, in: Orbis Linguarum 50.
Neuber, Carolin (2008): Gottesberge und Bergsteiger. Berge als Orte spiritueller Erfahrung, in: Geist und Leben 81, H. 5.
Paregger, Moidi / Risé, Claudio (2009): Die Saligen. Kraft und Geheimnis des Weiblichen, Bozen: Edition Raetia.
Runggaldier, Ingrid (2011): Frauen im Aufstieg. Auf Spurensuche in der Alpingeschichte, Bozen: Edition Raetia.
Schmidt, Rudolf (1996): „Maria“: Am Anfang war Gott eine Göttin, in: Freidenker 81, H. 5.
Zophoniasson-Baierl, Ulrike (1985): Else Bernstein alias Ernst Rosmer: eine deutsche Dramatikerin im Spannungsfeld der literarischen Stimmungen des Wilhelminischen Zeitalters, Bern u.a.: Lang.
English
Język Polski
https://doi.org/10.19195/2084-4107.17.9
