Articles
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7005-7238
The protection of persons deprived of their liberty from torture and other forms of inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment has been strengthened by non-judicial means of a preventive character based on visits. The European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) is an essential element of that preventive mechanisms and it organizes direct visits in the member states of the Council of Europe. The CPT delegations have unlimited access to places of detention (prisons, juvenile detention centres, police stations, holding centres for immigration detainees, psychiatric hospitals, social care homes, etc.) and the right to move inside such places without restriction. Reports on country visits, as well as the Committee’s annual general reports on its activities, are the main source of the European standards on thetreatment of persons deprived of their liberty. This article presents the latest recommendations of the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture regarding prisoners and prison conditions developed by the CPT in recent years. The first part of the analysis describes the recommendations resulting from the reports to the Polish Government on the visits to Poland concerning the execution of the penalty of deprivation of liberty, carried out by the CPT in 2017 and 2022. Further part of the article includes the analysis of the 31st General Report on the CPT’s activities, where the problem of prison overcrowding in member states were underlined.
Europejska konwencja o zapobieganiu torturom oraz nieludzkiemu lub poniżającemu traktowaniu albo karaniu, sporządzona w Strasburgu w dniu 26 listopada 1987 roku (Dz.U. z 1995 r. Nr 46, poz. 238).
Konwencja o ochronie praw człowieka i podstawowych wolności sporządzona w Rzymie dnia 4 listopada 1950 roku, zmieniona następnie Protokołami nr 3, 5 i 8 oraz uzupełniona Protokołem nr 2 (Dz.U. z 1993 r. Nr 61, poz. 284).
Ustawa z dnia 6 czerwca 1997 r. Kodeks karny wykonawczy (tekst jedn. Dz.U. z 2023 r. poz. 127 z późn. zm.).
European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. 1st General Report on the CPT’s activities covering the period November 1989 to December 1990, CPT/Inf (91) 3, https://rm.coe.int/1680696a3e.
European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (CPT) 2nd General Report on the CPT’s activities covering the period 1 January to 31 December 1991, CPT/Inf (92) 3, https://rm.coe.int/1680696a3f.
European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment, 31st General Report on the CPT’s activities covering the period from 1 January to 31 December 2021, CPT/Inf(2021)5, https://rm.coe.int/1680a63c72.
European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment, 32nd General Report on the CPT’s activities covering the period from 1 January to 31 December 2022, CPT/Inf(2023)7, https://rm.coe.int/1680aabe2b.
Report to the Polish Government on the visit to Poland carried out by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) from 11 to 22 May 2017, CPT/Inf (2018) 39, https://rm.coe.int/16808c7a91.
Report to the Polish Government on the visit to Poland carried out by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) from 9 to 16 September 2020, CPT/Inf (2020) 32, https://rm.coe.int/1680a024c5.
The CPT’s report after a visit to the UK, 7 July 2022, CPT/Inf (2022) 13, https://rm.coe.int/1680a72b71.
The CPT’s report after a visit to the Greece, 2 September 2022, CPT/Inf (2022) 16, https://rm.coe.int/1680a7ce96.
The CPT’s report after a visit to the Bulgaria, 18 October 2022, CPT/Inf (2022) 20, https://rm.coe.int/1680a88ec1.
The CPT’s report after a visit to the Belgium, 29 November 2022, CPT/Inf (2022) 22, https://rm.coe.int/1680a922ac.
The CPT’s report after a visit to the Lithuania, 27 February 2023, CPT/ Inf (2023) 01, https://rm.coe.int/1680aa51af.
Dawidziuk E., System Rady Europy, [w:] Traktowanie osób pozbawionych wolności we współczesnej Polsce na tle standardów międzynarodowych, red. E. Dawidziuk, Warszawa 2013, s. 36–40.
Fajst M., Ochrona praw osób uwięzionych w Polsce — systemy CPT i OPCAT, [w:] Przestrzeganie praw osób pozbawionych wolności. O monitorowaniu jednostek penitencjarnych, red. W. Klaus, M. Niełaczna, Warszawa 2008, s. 19–40.
Hołda Z., Europejskie standardy traktowania więźniów. Kilka uwag o Europie, Radzie Europy, Polsce i prawach więźniów, „Czasopismo Prawa Karnego i Nauk Penalnych” 13, 2009, nr 1, s. 97–124.
Hołda Z., Wpływ na polepszenie przez władze publiczne sytuacji osób pozbawionych wolności — możliwości Europejskiego Komitetu Zapobiegania Torturom, [w:] Prze- strzeganie praw osób pozbawionych wolności. O monitorowaniu jednostek penitencjarnych, red. W. Klaus, M. Niełaczna, Warszawa 2008, s. 7–18.
Niełaczna M., Implementacja zaleceń CPT w polskim prawie penitencjarnym - wybrane zagadnienia, [w:] Przestrzeganie praw osób pozbawionych wolności. O monitorowaniu jednostek penitencjarnych, red. W. Klaus, M. Niełaczna, Warszawa 2008, s. 99–134.
European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Annual reports, https://www.coe.int/pl/web/cpt/annual-reports.
European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, The CPT and Poland, https://www.coe.int/en/web/cpt/poland.
EuropeanCommitteeforthePreventionofTortureandInhumanorDegradingTreatmentorPunishment, News 2022. Council of Europe anti-torture Committee visits Poland, CPT, 5.04.2022, https://www.coe.int/en/web/cpt/-/council-of-europe-anti-torture-committee-visits-pola-2.
European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, CPT standards, Life-sentenced and other long-term prisoners, CPT/Inf/E (2002), s. 26, https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4d7882092.pdf.
European Prison Observatory, COVID-19: what is happening in European prisons, 2020, http://www.prisonobservatory.org/index.phpoption=com_content&view-=article&id=32:covid-19-what-is-happening-in-european-prisons&catid=7&Itemid=101.
Europejski Komitet do Spraw Zapobiegania Torturom oraz Nieludzkiemu lub Poniżającemu Traktowaniu albo Karaniu [CPT], Zbiór zasad dotyczących traktowania osób pozbawionych wolności w kontekście pandemii koronawirusa (COVID-19), https://rm.coe.int/16809e1c57.
English
Język Polski
https://doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.68.6
