Evolution of political and economic transformation has to a considerable degree contributed to the increase of crimes committed with fake documents. Development of civilisation and technological progress necessitate protection of public documents. To ensure security and trust to the institutions issuing documents their producers and issuers use various security measures to protect them against falsification. Combination of advanced technologies with biometric identifiers is a necessary solution. Implementation of advanced security measures should, at least for a certain period of time, hinder production of falsified documents. Producers and issuers of secured documents should persist in their efforts to look for new and effective technical and legal solutions in protecting documents. In this context legislative work on creating a comprehensive legal act on public documents in Poland is a necessary solution.