X-marks: Too simple to be useful?

Raymond Marquis; Williams David Mazzella; Tacha Hicks

doi:10.19195/2084-5065.49.8

Vol. 49 (2018)

X-marks: Too simple to be useful?

Raymond Marquis

Williams David Mazzella

Tacha Hicks

https://doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.49.8

Pages: 103 - 110

PDF (Język Polski)

Abstract

This paper presents a case illustrating the value that can be elicited from simple handwritten entries such as X-marks. An experimental study was carried out for the case needs, where X-marks were collected from a population of 52 writers and classified according to the stroke direction. To fulfil the recommendations of the ENFSI guideline on evaluative reporting in forensic science, the results of this study were used to quantitatively assess handedness of the writer of the questioned X-mark.

Keywords:

X-marks, handedness, forensic interpretation, evidence assessment, likelihood ratio

Published

18-04-2019

Citation rules

Marquis, R., Mazzella, W. D., & Hicks, T. (2019). X-marks: Too simple to be useful?. Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego, 49, 103–110. https://doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.49.8