Zagadnienie kultury w filozofii Martina Heideggera: grecka fysis a kultura współczesna

Abstrakt

The problem of culture in Martin Heidegger’s philosophy: the Greek fysis and contemporary culture

Martin Heidegger understood colere as “proper dwelling” and “cultivation,” referring thus to the original Greek meaning of the term. For the author of Sein und Zeit, colere and cultura were essentially identical with the notions of fysis and ethos signifying, respectively, “being of reality” and a “place” in this reality. Thus, human beings are cultural, if they dwell properly in the world, at the same time allowing the world to freely be in its own truth. In this way pre-Socratic Greeks werein-the-world; in this way, too, human beings can exist after jumping into “other beginning,” i.e. after making the effort of “curtailing” the history of metaphysics and replacing culture with cultura. Modern culture — and “cultural” man with it — are for Heidegger the final stage of metaphysics, characterised by total mechanisation and objectification of reality, the ontological principle of which is the will of power.