Unia Europejska w obliczu głównych wyzwań polityki kosmicznej

Abstrakt

European Union in the face of main challenges of space policy

The first years of the 21st century promoted of greater attention of European Community directed towards space activity. Th e most apparent is refl ected in some documents such as Wise Men’s Group Report 2000, Green Paper first months of 2003, White Paper October of 2003 and also the announcement of advertising of European Space Programme, which should play the role as an integral framework of European space enterprises in the nearest future. Th e more practical aspects of space activity in Europe constitute two space projects such as Global Navigation Satellite System GNSS-2, so-called Galileo, and Global Monitoring for Environmental and Security GMES. Europe reveals its own ambition to keep up with the United States in space matters, however European Union policy encounters some difficulties. One of these is the absence of clear institutional relations between the European Union and European Space Agency, the latter acting an implementing organization. The second difficulty is the shortage of appropriate procedures of management of Galileo system. Galileo, similarly to the American GPS, the so-called double-use system, in the future can be used for military aims. For this reason the European Community should complete creation of all security procedures. The third problem is connected with personal data management security. The great challenge for Europe is to accomplish independence from United States in space matters, both in military and civil area. Europe should invest more in space-based technology to promote its economic and security interests. In the face of the fiasco of Lisbon Strategy, space policy could be a meaningful stimulus to economic and technological development of the European Community.