Modele parlamentów dwuizbowych. Ujęcie porównawcze

Abstract

The models of bicameral parliaments. A comparative view

Taking into consideration the rule of checks and balances, the relation between executive and  legislature and relations within legislature, bicameralism becomes the key rule of the liberal constitutionalism. Parliamentary system based on two parliamentary chambers much better reflects various interests, social and economic demands and political preferences. The supporters of unicameral system present a different point of view. They claim that the legislative process in unitary systems does not demand two chambers of parliament. Each state has to choose independently what is consistent with its own interests and priorities. For the sake of strong bicameralism, the most important is the decision of choosing the scale of symmetry and congruence. For this reason there exist various mechanisms which are supposed to ease the dialogue and create the impression of unicameralism. The effective bicameralism is based on two potentially balanced coexisting chambers, guaranteeing the symmetry of both, as well as a kind of controversy which it persists and manages to overcome.