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Abstrakt

Verbs of motion in Upper Sorbiancompared with Russian

The existence of pairs of verbs of motion constitutes amorphological and semantic peculiarity of the Slavic languages. The verbs in such pairs, for example idti — pojti ‘to go’, are both imperfective, but differ in the feature [+unidirectional]. In the present paper we analyse in greater detail the systematic differences between unidirectional and non-unidirectional verbs in the language systems of Russian and Upper Sorbian with astrong emphasis on their usage. Apart from the semantic characteristics of these two verb classes, itis also worth mentioning that there are considerable morphological differences with respect to the unidirectional verb in the given languages. While in the Russian past tense there is an opposition between the perfective form pošel and the imperfective form šеl, the unidirectional verbs of motion, in this case hić ‘go’ are biaspectual in Upper Sorbian. On the other hand, the Russian aspectual pair idti / pojti, with the imperfective present idu ‘I go’ and the perfective pojdu, formally corresponds to the opposition of du ‘I go’ and póńdu ‘I will go’ of hić in Upper Sorbian, restricted, however, to apurely temporal difference between the present and the future, without any difference in aspect.